Mitsuru okazaki



M ITSURU oKAzAKl CALCULA'l ING MACHINE 3 sheets-shea 1 Filed Aug. 19, 1953 |ii| EME@ o w n N H @WEEE "Feb, 19, 1957 Ml'rsURU oKAzAKl 2;78'974 CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Aug. 19. 195s s sheets-sheet 2 3 7 if @mmm w e n 3mm [E] Eig Feb.. 19, 1957 MlTsURU OKAZAKI 2,781,974

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Aug. 19. 1953 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 CALCULATING MACHINE Mitsuru Ukazaki, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan Application August 19, 1953, Serial No. 375,239

Claims priority, application Japan August 22, `1952 3 Claims. (Cl. 23S- 71) This invention relates to a calculating machine, and more particularly to a calculating machine with which addition or subtraction or such calculations alternately can be effected.

It is usual that such a calculating machine heretofore known has complicated transfer mechanisms and a relatively great force is needed to operate the whole machine including the transfer mechanisms `so that operators will have to exert a relatively great force for operating the machine.

The main object of this invention is to provide a calculating machine which is simple in construction and operable by a relatively small force.

Another object of this invention is to provide a cheap calculating machine in vwhich addition and subtraction can be separately effected or these calculations can be alternately effected.

ln accordance with this invention, I-provide a plurality of calculating units, each of which consists of a numeral wheel having ten fiat shaped teeth of different numeral value from zero to nine, inclusive, a toothed wheel of the same shape as 'the numeral wheel and a flexible endless member which passes around the numeral wheel and the toothed wheel. The flexible endless member has finger sections diposed at intervals corresponding to the tooth pitch of said numeral wheel, each finger section being formed to accommodate a finger tip of the operator. Accordingly for the flexible endless member it is preferable to use va belt or chain having holes or windows as the linger sections. The calculating units are arranged yas columns or numeral orders. Disposed inside or directly below the iiexible endless memberis a numeral card which has different numeral values from zero to nine, inelusive, corresponding to each finger section of the flexible endless member. In the casewhere a flexible endless belt is employed having holes or transparent windows as finger r sections, the diderent numeral values from zero to nine, inclusive are so inscribed as to be seen through theholes or transparent windows of the flexible endless belt. The number of flexible belts or chains, that is, the number of the columns of the different numerals determines the order of calculation that can be effected. The flexible endless belt or chain is moved, by a linger engaging with a window through which a numeral to vbe added or subtracted appears,.to a predeterminedposition, and the answeris indicated by a numeral on the numeral wheel.

Moreover, a transfer mechanism which operatively connects adjacent calculating units is provided. This mechanism includes van addingtransfer mechanism and a subtracting transfer mechanism, each mechanism has a return spring which accumulatesoperatingenergy when the calculating unit is driven by a nger and such Vaccumulatedenergy serves only to actuate lan adjacent calculating unit of higher order. Accordingly it will be apparent that the finger appliedforcepis rconsumed in yactuating only oneralcnlating unit,y and operation of the ,transfermechanisms does not consume ani/.finger applied kforce Any desired exchanging mechanism can be provided so ited rates Patent;

han.

2 that the adding transfer mechanism and subtracting trans'- fer mechanism are exchangeably set in their respective operating positions.

Furthermore, it is convenient to provide any desired clearing mechanism in order to bring the readings of all the numeral wheels to Zero reading positions. Still further objects and advantages of my invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed ,description in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. l is a side View of a calculating machine according to this invention, showing a calculating unit having an adding transfer mechanism; Fig. 2 is a fplan view of the unit of Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a view similarto l, but showing a calculating unit having Va subtracting vtransfer mechanism; Fig. 4- is a plan view of the unit of 3; Fig. 5 is a side view of an exchanging mechanism in `the adding position; Fig. 6 is a plan view ofthe .mechanism of Fig. 5, showing, partly in section, la calculating machine according to the invention; Fig. 7 is a side view similar to Fig. 5, but showing the exchanging mechanism in the subtracting position; Fig. 8 is afplan view of Fig. '7; Fig. 9 is a side view illustrating an adding transfer mechanism in the operative position and a subtracting mechanism in the inoperative position; Fig. 10 is a plan view of the mechanisms of `Fig. 9; lFig. lll is a side view illustrating Aan adding Ytransfer mechanism in the inoperative position rand `a subtracting mechanism in the operative position and r .Fig. l2 is a plan view of the mechanisms .of Fig. 1,1. 1Referring now to the drawings, and first to Figs. vl and v2,1 is a numeral wheel which is freely `mounted .on an axis v2 and has a tenat shaped teeth 3 on which different numerals 0, -1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.are incribed. 4 designates a `toothed wheel of the same yshape as the numeral wheel l, Which isfreely mounted on an axis 5 and v has ten teeth 6. 7 illustrates a flexible endless belt 0r chain which passes around the numeral wheel 1 and the toothed f endless belt is al card for additions which has the numerals G, 12, 3, 45, y.6, 7, 8 `and-9 arranged thereon in the-,direction from the numeral wheel l to the toothedfwheel 4, the intervals `between adjacent numerals kbeing the same ,as that between adjacent windows 8. 10 is a decimal adding cam which is secured to the toothed wheel 4 at the higher order side thereof. ylll indicates a decimal bar, one end of which forms a fork 12 which is accommodated on ythe axis 5 to be freely guided thereby and the other end .of the decimal bar forms a pawl 13 which engages -a window 17 on thelower run of theexible endless belt.16'be1onging to an adjacent unit of higher order (Fig. 2). The pawl i3 is so associated with the windows 1.7 of the endless chain of the adjacent calculating unit of jhigher order that the pawl slides over the ychain to the right during adding movementand meshes with thechainfduring decimal transfer movement to the left. To one s ide'of the ybar 11 is secured a roller 14 which cooperateswithf-the `cam 1G. A return spring l5 Ais provided for abutting the roller i4 of the bar 1l against the cam lil, one vend of the return spring being connected to -a part of thenbar il. the other end to a stationary part of the machine.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, i8 is a cardfor subtractions whichbears the inscribed numerals 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, -1 and 0 arranged in the direction fromthe numeral wheel l to the toothed wheel .4, the interval between adjacent numerals Ybeing the same as that `between .adjacent-windows 3. i159v designates `a decimal subtracting cam which is secured to the numeral wheel 1 at the higher order side thereof. 20 is a decimal bar, one end of which forms a fork 21 which is accommodated on the axis 2 to be freely guided thereby, and the other end of the bar forms a pawl 22 which engages a window 17 of the lower run of the flexible endless belt 16 belonging to an adjacent unit of higher order. The pawl 22 is so associated with the windows 17 of the endless chain of the adjacent calculating unit of higher order that the pawl 22 slides on the chain to the left during subtracting movement and meshes with the related chain during decimal transfer movement to the right. To one side of the bar 20 is secured a roller 23 which cooperates with the cam 19. A return spring 24 is provided for abutting the roller 23 of the bar 20 against a cam 19, one end of the return spring being connected to a part of the bar 20, the other end to a stationary part of the machine.

The operation of the calculating machine shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is as follows:

An operator places his linger-tip in a selected window 8 through which the numeral to be added can be seen and draws the window toward the numeral wheel 1, to rotate the same. Then the numerals from zero to nine, inclusive, on the teeth 3 of the numeral Wheel are successively moved. The cam which is secured to the toothed wheel 4 pushes the roller 14 abutting against the gradual slope of the cam to the right in opposition to the return spring 15. During decimal movement in which the flexible endless belt or chain has been displaced from zero to nine, inclusive, the spring has been elongated to accumulate kinetic energy. At the moment when numeral nine of the numeral wheel is replaced by numeral zero, the roller 14 which has been abutting against the cam 10 falls suddenly from the apex of the cam under ,i

The pawl 13 of the bar 11 the influence of the spring 15. which engages a window 17 in the lower run of the exible endless belt or chain of the adjacent higher order pulls the engaged belt or chain toward the toothed wheel 4 through a distance corresponding to the tooth pitch of the numeral wheel. Accordingly the numeral wheel which meshes with the belt or chain quickly rotates, through an angular distance corresponding to one tooth pitch, to complete the decimal adding operation. ln actual operation the linger-tip movement is stopped at the edge 26 of the casing 25 and an answer numeral on wheel 1 is read through the window 27 of the casing.

Next I will explain the decimal subtraction referring to Figs. 3 and 4. A linger-tip is placed in a selected window 8 through which the numeral to be subtracted can be seen and is drawn toward the toothed wheel 4 to rotate the numeral wheel 1. Then the numerals from nine to zero, inclusive, on the teeth 3 of the numeral wheel are successively moved past the window 27 of the casing. The cam 19 which is secured to the numeral wheel 1 pushes the roller 23 abutting against the gradual slope of the cam to the left in opposition to the return spring 24. During decimal movement in which the flexible endless belt or chain has been displaced from zero to nine, inclusive, the spring 24 has been elongated to accumulate kinetic energy. At the moment when numeral zero of the numeral wheel is replaced at window 27 by numeral nine, the roller 23 which has been abutting against the cam 19 falls suddenly from the apex of the cam under the influence of the spring 24. The pawl 22 of the bar which engages a window 17 of the lower run of the flexible endless belt or chain of the adjacent higher order pulls the belt or chain through a distance corresponding to the tooth pitch of the numeral wheel and in the direction toward the numeral wheel 1. Accordingly the numeral wheel 1 which meshes with the belt or chain quickly rotates, through an angle corresponding to one tooth pitch, to complete the decimal subtracting operation. In actual operation the linger-tip is stopped at the edge 26 of the casing 25 and an answer numeral is read through the window 27 of the casing. Figs. 5 to l2, inclusive, show another' embodiment according to this invention in which the addition and the subtraction can be effected alternately. For this purpose l provide an exchanging mechanism to alternately displace the adding transfer mechanism and the subtracting transfer mechanism to their operative positions.

A changing lever 33 is secured to one end of an axis 32 extending through both side plates 31 of the machine. The changing lever bears on one side an arrow 34 and plus symbol 35, and on the other side an arrow 36 and minus symbol 37. On the axis 32, at the outer side of each of the side plates, is mounted a bell crank lever 38, and a pin 39 fastened thereto engages in slots 42 of links 44B and 41 which are freely mounted on shafts 43 and 44 respectively. The shaft 43 engages in a long slot 45 of the side plate 31, while the shaft 44 engages in a long slot 46 of the side plate 31, both shafts sliding along the respective slots. The shafts 43 and 44 are interconnected by means of the links 47 so that they are maintained in parallel.

The changing lever 33 indicates the adding position when the arrow 34 and plus symbol 35 are visible, and the arrow then indicates the drawing direction of the flexible endless belt 7, as illustrated in Fig. 6. The axis 32, pin 39 and shaft 43 are then positioned so that the pin 39 lies slightly out of the line connecting the axis 32 and the shaft 43 and the crank lever` 38 is urged into contact with a stop 49, as shown in Fig. 5, by the action of a spring 50 (Fig. 6). In this condition, shafts 43 and 44 are locked at the left hand ends of the slots 45 and 46 and cannot be released unless the lever 33 is changed over.

Fig. 8 shows the machine after it has been changed from adding position to subtracting position in which the changing lever 33 shows the arrow 36 and the minus symbol 37 which indicate that the machine is then set for subtraction and point out the drawing direction of the flexible endless belt 7 for subtraction. The axis 32, pin 39 and shaft 44 are then positioned so that the pin 39 lies slightly out of the line connecting the axis 32 and the shaft 44 and the crank lever 38 is urged into contact with a stop 51, as shown in Fig. 7, by the action of a spring 52 (Fig. 8). In this condition shafts 43 and 44 are locked at the right hand ends of the slots 45 and 46 and can not be released unless the lever 33 is again changed over.

In this arrangement, the numeral card 9 on which columns of adding numerals 55 and columns of subtracting numerals 56 are alternately inscribed is disposed directly below the flexible endless belts 7 and 16 and across the recesses 54 in the upper edges of both side plates. When the columns of the adding numerals come under the windows of the exible belts, the columns of the subtracting numerals are laterally displaced from the belt and covered by a part of the casing so that they can not be seen. Two changing cams 58 are rigidly attached to the axis 32, the sloping edges of the cams facing axially toward each other. Two pins 59 which are secured to the back of the card 9 abut respectively against the sloping edges of the cams. By this arrangement when the changing lever 33 is disposed in the adding position, the columns of the adding numerals 55 can be brought under the flexible endless belts 7 and 16, and when the changing lever 33 is turned to the subtracting position, the card is shifted transversely with the result that the columns of the subtracting numerals S6 can be brought under the flexible endless belts. ln this shifted position of the card, the columns of the adding numerals, in turn, lie in the unseen position covered by the part of the casing.

The decimal adding mechanism and decimal subtracting mechanism associated with the adjacent calculating units in the machine of Figs. 5 to l2, inclusive, are respectively analogous to those explained in connection with theembodiment shown in Figs. l to 4, so that throughout Figs. 5 to 12 the same reference characters are used to designate similar parts of the decimal adding and subtracting mechanisms and further explanation is omitted for the sake of simplicity.

Figs. 9 and 10 show the adding position in which the shafts 43 and 44 are locked at the left hand ends of their travel, the roller 14 abuts against the cam 10 under the influence of the elongated return spring 15 and the pawl 13 engages a window of the flexible endless belt 16 of the adjacent calculating unit of higher order. Thus the decimal adding bar 11 is set in an actuating condition. On the other hand, the shaft 44 lifts the decimal subtracting bar 20 by pushing against a nose 73 on the bar 20 so that the pawl 22 of the bar 20 is disengaged from the window of the llexible endless belt and the return spring 24 contracts to hold the bar 20 in an inactive position.

When the changing lever is turned to the opposite or subtracting position as shown in Figs. 1l and 12 in which the shafts 43 and 44 are locked at the right hand ends of their travel, the roller 23 abuts against the cam 19 under the inuence of the elongated return spring 24 and the pawl 22 engages a window of the flexible endless belt 16 of the adjacent calculating units of higher order. Thus the decimal subtracting bar 20 comes into actuating position, while the shaft 43 lifts the decimal adding bar 11 by pushing a nose 74 of the bar so that the pawl 13 is disengaged from the window of the ilexible endless belt and the return spring 15 contracts to hold the bar in the inoperative position. As described above, both decimal adding and subtracting mechanisms are easily and alternately set in actuating position merely by turning of the changing lever 33.

It is recognized that various other modifications may be made in the structure described without departing from the scope of my invention which is defined in the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. A calculating machine comprising a plurality of calculating units corresponding to numerals of different orders; each unit having a rotatable numeral wheel formed with ten fiat shaped teeth of different numeral values from zero to nine, inclusive, a toothed wheel of the same shape as said numeral wheel and rotatable about an axis parallel to that of the numeral wheel, and a flexible endless member passing around said numeral wheel and said toothed wheel and which has finger sections disposed at intervals corresponding to the tooth pitch of said numeral wheel; a numeral card which is disposed under the upper run of said ilexible endless member and has diierent numerals from zero to nine, inclusive, inscribed thereon at intervals, corresponding to the intervals between said finger sections of .said exible endless member; a decimal adding cam secured to one side of said toothed wheel of at least one of saidunits; a bar having one end thereof in the form of a fork engaging the axis of said toothed wheel and being guided thereby, the other end of said bar forming a pawl which 1s engageable with the finger sections in the lower run of said ilexible endless member of the calculating unit of higher order adjacent said one unit so that said pawl slides on said exible endless member during adding movement and meshes with one of said iinger sections during decimal transfer movement; a return spring connected to said bar; and a roller cooperating with said decimal adding cam to control said bar.

2. A calculating machine comprising a plurality of calculating units corresponding to numerals of dilerent orders; each unit having a rotatable numeral wheel form with ten dat shaped teeth having diierent numerals from zero to nine, inclusive, inscribed thereon, a toothed wheel of the same shape as said numeral wheel and rotatable about an axis parallel to that of the numeral Wheel, and an endless flexible member passing around said numeral wheel and said toothed wheel and having finger windows disposed at intervals corresponding to the tooth pitch of said numeral Wheel; a numeral card which is disposed under the upper run of said endless flexible member and has different numerals from zero to nine, incluisve, inscribed thereon and seen through said windows; a decimal substracting cam secured to said numeral wheel of at least one of said units; a bar having one end thereof in the form of a fork engaging the axis of said numeral Wheel and being guided thereby, the other end of said bar forming a pawl which is engageable with the windows of the lower run of said endless exible member in the calculating unit of higher order adjacent said one unit so that said pawl slides on said endless flexible member during subtracting movement and meshes with one of said windows of the flexible member during decimal transfer movement; a return spring connected to said bar; and a roller cooperating with said decimal subtracting cam to control said bar.

3. A calculating machine comprising a plurality of calculating units corresponding to numerals of different orders; each unit having a rotatable numeral wheel formed with ten flat shaped teeth having diierent numerals from zero to nine, inclusive, a toothed Wheel of the same shape as said numeral wheel and rotatable about an axis parallel to that of the numeral wheel, and an endless chain passing around said numeral wheel and said toothed wheel and having finger windows disposed at intervals corresponding to the tooth pitch of said numeral wheel; a numeral card slidable transversely below the upper runs of said endless chains and having different numerals from zero to nine, inclusive, arranged in longitudinal columns to be seen through said windows of said endless chains and the columns of diierent numerals from nine to zero, inclusive, inscribed between the first mentioned columns, said first and other columns of said numerals being seen alternately through said windows when said numeral card is Idisplaced transversely with respect to said endless chains; an adding transfer mechanism having a decimal adding cam secured to one side of said toothed wheel of at least one unit; a bar having one end in the form of a fork engaging the axis of said toothed wheel, said one unit and being guided thereby, the other end of said bar forming a pawl which is engageable with the windows in the lower run of said endless chain of the calculating unit of higher order adjacent said one unit so that said pawl slides on the engaged chain during adding movement and meshes with a selected window of the chain during decimal transfer movement, a return spring connected to said bar, and a roller cooperating with said decimal adding cam to control said bar; a subtracting transfer mechanism having a decimal subtracting cam secured to said numeral wheel of said one unit, a bar having one end in the form of a fork engaging the axis of said numeral wheel and being guided thereby, the other end of said bar forming a pawl engageable with the windows in the lower run of said endless chain of the calculating unit of higher order adjacent said one unit so that said pawl slides on said chain during subtracting movement and meshes with a selected window during decimal transfer movement, a return spring connected to said bar, and a roller cooperating with said decimal subtracting cam to control said bar; and changing means alternately bringing said pawls of said bars of said adding and subtracting mechanisms to operative positions engaging said chain of the adjacent unit and for simultaneously displacing said card laterally to dispose the corresponding columns of numerals on said card in alignment with said chains.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 203,151 Hopkins Apr. 30, 1878 725,242 Goldfarb Apr. 14, 1903 1,481,172 Wrenn Ian. 15, 1924 

